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Natural colorants derived fom plant materials have gained increasing popularity due to their non toxic nature. pigment extraction from the florets is normally done by Soxhlet extraction, maceration, and hydro distillation are conventional methods that have been widely used in industry and laboratory .phytochemical analysis of safflower florets revealed the plant presence of high amount of Carthamin and carthamidin.
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Osmotic dehydration of pineapple cuboids were conducted to study the effect of sugar concentration of osmotic solution on mass transfer, weight reduction, vitamin-C, total phenol content and antioxidant property of samples pretreated with steam blanching and microwave heating. As treatment time went on, there was an increase in water loss, weight loss, and solids accumulation. The sample treated with 60°B experienced the highest mass transfer during the osmotic dehydration of pineapple cuboids, whereas the sample treated with 30°B experienced the lowest mass transfer. The pineapple cuboids immersed in 60˚B sugar syrup and dried in a tray drier resulted maximum weight loss. Microwave heated samples dipped in 60˚B sugar syrup showed better retention of nutritive value(total phenol content, vitamin C and antioxidant activity) as well as better color, texture, taste and mouth feel .According to the sensory analysis, the samples treated with 60°B solution received the highest acceptability for color, flavour, texture, mouth feel, and taste. Osmodried samples were stored for 3 months at ambient condition without any adverse effect on sensory and nutritional parameters.
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Acacia nilotica Linn commonly known as Babul is a multipurpose tree. As the world is turning back towards the herbal drug, it is the need of the hour to re-evaluate the knowledge of traditional medicine through vast review. In the Unani traditional system of medicine, all parts of the plant have been used as a remedy for various diseases and are imputed for their medicinal properties. Hence, this review presents an overview of the medicinal properties of different parts of A. nilotica L. used in Unani medicine, its phytochemical constituents, and diverse pharmacological activities. The information related to this drug was retrieved using the classical Unani sources viz., Al-Qanun fi’l Tibb (Canon of Medicine), Iksir-i-A‘zam, Al Hawi fi’l Tibb (Continens Liber), Tarjuma Kamil al-Sana‘a al-Tibbiyya, Dhakhira Khawarizm Shahi, Biyaz-i-Kabir and Tibb-i-Akbar for medicinal properties used in Unani Medicine. Further for other traditional uses, phytoconstituents and pharmacological activities, different search engines like PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Ovid, Science Direct and Scopus were also browsed. A. nilotica possesses various medicinal properties as per classical Unani texts such as astringent, tonic, wound healing, aphrodisiac, expectorant, resolvent, and antispasmodic. In vivo, in vitro, and clinical studies from the published articles validate the fact that A. nilotica is a potential source of various bioactive compounds having various pharmacological properties and therapeutic uses. The various pharmacological activities are anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, anticancerous, antidiabetic and antihypertensive properties. This review concludes that the Unani medicinal effects of A. nilotica are proven by scientific studies.
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Background: Different types of impression materials and different procedures or methods have been introduced in Dentistry for preparing dowel crown. Materials and Methods: Injection technique with silicone impression materials are being extensively used by the materials to get an accurate impression. But whether this material neither ensures similar accuracy nor produces absolute accuracy. This study evaluate silicone impression material was efficient enough to produce nearest to actual intraradicular surface reproduction by assessing the void formation and dimensional accuracy. Conclusion:By assessing all the parameters the silicone impression material was proved to be the efficient for intraradicular surface reproduction.
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Background: Provisional restorations are fabricated to protect the prepared tooth structure during period between the preparation and the final restoration, and the techniques applied are direct, indirect and indirect direct. Various materials are used to fabricate provisional restoration, such as, preformed crown, acrylic, metal shell, composite, etc. Objectives: The study was designed to evaluate the advantages of fabrication of provisional restorations by indirect technique over direct technique. Methods: This prospective comparative study carried out in the Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, from January 2006 to December 2007, included 20 patients each for insertion of provisional restorations fabricated by indirect (group A) and direct (group B) technique. Outcome was evaluated on the basis of marginal adaptation, biocompatibility and aesthetic status. Results: On day 7 of provisional restoration, grade I marginal adaptation were observed in 75% and 40% of group A and group B patients, respectively, and on day 15 were 75% and 20%, respectively. Grade I biocompatibility on day 7 of group A patients were 100% and group B 30%, and on day 15 was 95% and 35%, respectively. Grade I aesthetic status on day 7 were in 100% of both group A and group B patients, and on day 15 was 95% and 85%, respectively. None of the patients was in grade III, either in marginal adaptation, biocompatibility or aesthetic status. Conclusion: Indirect provisional restoration is better and safer in relation to marginal adaptation, biocompatibility and aesthetic status.
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There is limited mechanism to monitor the drug promotional campaign by pharmaceutical industries despite the fact that there is enough evidence of irrational pharmacotherapy increasingly encountered even in the developed countries. Unethical pharmaceutical promotional practice is a common cause of irrational pharmacotherapy which is a most common problem worldwide. Main objective of this study was to evaluate the medicinal promotional literatures provided by the pharmaceutical companies for accuracy, consistency and validity of the information presented in it, using World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for ethical medicinal drug promotion. Two hundred & fifty (n=250) literatures were collected randomly from selected doctors chambers in Barisal, Bangladesh. One hundred & thirty (130) of those literatures were excluded for being either duplicates, reminder literatures, promoting medical devices or cosmetics. The remaining (120) literatures were then screened to match their macro-informational contents against same advised in world health organization ethical criteria for medicinal drug promotion. The name of active constituent(s), content of active ingredient(s) per dosage form & brand name, were mentioned in 100% (n = 120) of promotional literatures, whereas dosage form were mentioned in 91.66% (n = 110), therapeutic indications were mentioned in 99.1% (n = 119) of literatures but informations on side effects mentioned in only 55.33% (n = 70), contraindications in 63.33 % (n = 76), precautions in 51.67% (n = 62) & references in 70 % (n = 84) of drug promotional literatures (DPLs). None of them mention anything about adjuvant. None of the promotional literatures fulfilled all the WHO criteria. Screened literatures were found to display poorly reliable and unbalanced medication information. Healthcare providers shall, accordingly, seek independent medicinal information sources, and not solely depend on commercial sources of medicinal information. Official regulators shall strictly define and mandate medication information contents in printed pharmaceutical promotional materials. Healthcare providers should, also, master the skills of appraising such promotional printed materials if rational medication use is to be achieved. Pharmaceutical industries did not follow the WHO guidelines while promoting their products, thus aiming to satisfying their commercial motive rather than fulfilling the educational aspect of promotion.
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Objective: To observe the out come of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) following treatment with hydration and alkalinization in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Methodology: This is an observational study which included 30 diagnosed ALL children who were at high risk of developing TLS in the Department of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, BSMMU, from January 2010 to July 2010. Result: The mean (±SD) age was found 10.2±2.9 years and maximum (46.7%) numbers were found between 11 to 15 years. Male female ratio was 2.3:1. High risk patients for developing TLS presented with huge organomegaly such as hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy associated with fever, anemia, and bony tenderness. For diagnosis of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) bone marrow study was done in all patients and immunophenotyping in 40.0% patients. Hydration, Alkalinization, Tab Allopurinol and Oral Aluminum hydroxide were used in all study patients while treatment. WBC and serum uric acid were found higher in all patients during baseline investigation. After hydration and Alkalinization serum potassium, serum phosphate, serum calcium and serum creatinine level were normal within 72 hours and serum uric acid within day five. Mortality was found 6.7% and the cause of mortality was septicemia.
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Aims of the present study were to find out the histological pattern of atypically presenting nephrotic syndrome children and their response with oral corticosteroid therapy. This prospective study was carried out in the Paediatric Nephrology unit of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, for a period of two years, from September 2001 to September 2003. Forty children with nephrotic syndrome with atypical presentations such as gross haematuria, renal impairment, hypertension and hypocomplementaemia were enrolled for the study. For each patient proper investigations were done to screen out infection and necessary treatment was given accordingly. Renal biopsy was done in all cases after treating infection and controlling hypertension and specimen were evaluated by light and immunoflourescence microscopy. All the patients were treated with oral prenisolone 60 mg/m2/day for 4 weeks and response were observed by heat coagulation test. In present study it was observed that mean age of presentation was 8.73+/-4.36 years. Hypertension, gross haematuria, impaired renal function and hypo-complementaemia were observed in 50%, 45%, 19% and 15% cases respectively. When histopathologies were considered, 90% cases had other than minimal change disease (MCD) and Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MesPGN) was the most common histopathology (47.5%). Regarding steroid therapy only 43.2% patients were responsive to oral prednisolone therapy within 28 days. Atypically presented nephrotic syndrome usually manifested with higher age of onset, gross haematuria, hypertension, renal insufficiency and hypocomplementaemia. Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis was the predominant histological type. The majority (56.8%) of these atypically presented nephrotic syndromes were resistant to steroid therapy.
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A prospective study was conducted at JIPMER, Pondicherry from September 1993 to June 1995. Fifty cases of inguinal herniorrhaphy were done under local anaesthesia (LA) and 60 cases under spinal anaesthesia (SA). The aim was to assess the safety and efficacy of inguinal herniorrhaphy under LA. The parameters studied were: (i) Efficacy of the anaesthesia, (ii) safety and postoperative course, and (iii) patient satisfaction. The LA group patients had better postoperative analgesia and earlier return to ambulation. They did not suffer the postspinal complications of headache and urinary retention. However, intra-operative discomfort was significantly more in this group compared to the SA group.